Aerocraft.



J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS'.

AEROCRAPT.

APPLIGATION FILED 00129, 1910,

1,01 3,851. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. '5. V. KAULYNSKAS.

AEROGRAPT.

APPLIGATION FILED 00T. 29. 1910.

Patented .111112, 1912.

ATOS@ 1J PLU.' VKLulyns Ras (WMM/eea@ @Hilomw v J. J.V. KAULYNSKAS.

AEROGRAPT.' APPLICATION FILED OUT. 29, 1910.

11,01 3,851. Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

Josefl J. VKauly nskas J. J. V. KAULYNSKAS. AEROCRAPT.

APPLICATION FILED 0GT.29,1910.

1,013,851, Patented Jan. 2, 1912.

JOSEIII-I J. V. '.KAUIILYNSKAS, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

AEROCRAFT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 2,1912.

Original application 1ed J'anuary 21, 1910, Serial No. 539,329. Divided and this application led October 29, 1910. Serial No. 589,734.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOSEPH J. V. KAU- LYNSKAS, 4a subject of the Czar ofRussia, residing at Philadelphia, in thevcouuty of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Aerocraft, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class or type of flying machine known as heavier-than-air machines; which when driven at considerable speed will be buoyed or sustained by pressure of the atmospheric air and has more particular relation to the apparatus disclosed in my application for Letters Patent, filed January 21, 1910, serially -numbered 539,329.

This invention has for its principal object to construct apparatus comprising a structure combining lightness, strength and elliciency, provided at its top with fore and aft spaced parallel planes forming compound planes for guiding the framework either upward or downward and capable of being tilted at' different angles to one another simultaneously by the operator from one steering wheel.

A further object of the present invention is to equip each of the fore and aft planes upon each side thereof with auxiliary or single balancing planes, the single' planes of each pair of which are connected so as to be tilted at the same angle simultaneously. by the operator from one steering wheel.

The invention has for its still further objects the providing o f such other and-'further improvements and devices as are shown in the drawings andA hereinafter referred to for causing the apparatus to meet the differentconditions involved in rising, descending or maintaining flight at a constantv level.

The invention consists of the improvements hereinafter referred to and finally claimed. l

The nature, characteristic features, and scope of the invention will be more fully understood from the following description taken in connection with the'accompanying drawings, forming part hereof and in which Figure 1, is a view in plan of the aerocraft equipped with the various planes embodying the invention, Fig. 2, is a view in side elevation, illustrating in full and dotted lines the manner of manipulating the auxiliary or balancing planes, Fig. 3, is aV similaryiew illustrating the manner of man1pulat1ng the main or compound planes of the apparatus, F 4, is a View in end elevapositions of the planes of the invention,

Fig. 7, is a view in front elevation of Fig. 6, and Fig. 8,@is a view in side elevation of one of the auxiliary planes illustrating in full and dotted lines the manner in which concave and convex surfaces are provided by virtue of `air impinging vagainst the canvas coverings of said planes.

In the drawings, the framework 1, of the apparatus maybe constructed of any desired material preferably of generally elongated rectangular configuration, and the propelling mechanism'A, and rudders'B, may be of the type disclosed in my application for Letters Patent aforesaid or of other design. It is thought that description thereof is not necessary as they do not form subject matter of this application. Surmounting the framework 1, are two-pairs of standards or uprights 2, arranged substantially fore and aft ofthe apparatus. These standards or uprights 2, terminate in bearings 3. Each pair of standards '2, is designed to pivotally support the planes, the central planes of which are of compound construction and the side or auxiliary'planes are of single construction. As shown in the drawings, the central or compound planes are disposed crosswise of the apparatus and are adapted to be tilted or shifted at different angles simultaneously by the operator from one steering wheel so that various angular positions may be obtained in addition to a normally horizontal position. Aslclearly illustrated in Fig. 4, these main planes comprise horizontally disposed spaced planes 8, braces 9, being' present for effecting the spacing thereof. These braces 9, are providedv with bearings 4. y

Extending crosswise of the apparatus and through thebcarings 3, of the standards 2, and the bearings 4, of the braces 9, are shafts 5, said shafts being capable of turning as hereinafterv described. The central or compoundplanes as a whole are movable with respect to the shafts 5, and are connected together so that the operator may effect a simultaneous tiltingl thereof at different angles to one another from one steering wheel, a description of which will now be given, particular referencebeing had to Figs. 3, 4, 6, and 7.

Sultably arranged with respect to and supported by the frame l, of the apparatus and preferably at the base thereof are steering boxes a, b, and c, the steering mechanism of the box a, being operatively connected with respect to the central planes and the steering mechanism of the boxes b, and c, being operatively connected with the auxiliary planes in a manner hereinafterv to be described. Referring now to the box a, the steering or operating wheel 15, thereof is mounted upon a shaft 23, journaled in a boxlike structure 24, and is equipped with a worm gear 25. This worm gear 25, meshes with a gear 26, rotatable with a shaft 27, saidv shaft 27, being provided with a miter gear 28, which meshes with another'miter gear 29, upon a shaft 30. This shaft 30, -is journaled in the box 24, and is equipped with a sprocket wheel 31. A sprocket chain 34, is adapted to be operated by the sprocket 31, according to the movement of the steer,- ing wheel 15, and an idler 35, is present for keeping the sprocket chain 34, in mesh with the sprocket 31. Operativelyconnected with oney end of the sprocket chain 34, are cables 14, which pass over'and. under ulleys 13, and connect with the inner portions of the main or central planes as clearly illustrated in Fig. 3. The outer portions of the main or central planes 4, have connected therewith cables 16, which ass under pulleys 13, and connect with e opposite end of the sprocket chain 34. B this construction, it will be obvious that by operating the steering wheel 15, in the proper direction, the main or central planes may be p tiltedv from a, position shown in Fi 2, to

the position shown in full or dotted es in 4 Fig. 3, it being understood that .when the mam or central lanes are in a position shown in Fig. 2, t e apparatus is nmaintaining ht at a constant level'in the direction o the arrow; when in a position shown by full lines in Fig. 3, the apparatus is ascending or when in the position shown in dotted lmes the apparatus is descending. Thus, it will be readily understood that the main or central planes are connected so as to be simultaneously operated to assume different angles to eachother by the operator from one steering box.

Referring now to the side or auxiliary planes, it ma `be stated that the same-comprise single anes in contra-distinction from compound p anes. A desirable form of construction consists ozz'. a frame 6, covered with loose canvas d, or the like, in order that concave-convex surfaces may be provided a's'fiair impinges thereon in accordapparatus may be caused to ance with the way the planes are tilted. These auxiliary lanes have fixed relat-ion with the respective shafts 5, hereinbefore described and are operated from the steering boxes b, and c, in the following manner. Each of the shafts 5, is provided with fixed arms 7 ,see Fig. 1, connecting the respect-ive ends of which and the steering wheels a're cables. A description will now be given of the manner of connectin the auxiliary planes, upon the right-han of the apparatus. Considering the same to be traveling in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 3, for the auxiliary planes on the right-hand side of the apparatus, the steering box b, is used which is in all respects similar to the steering box a. Connecting the sprocket chain of the steering wheel of the box b, and the inner. end of the arms 7, of the aft auxiliary plane and the outer end of the arm 7, of the forward auxiliary plane are cables, 20, which pass around pulleys C. Connecting the inner end of the arm 7, of the forward auxiliary plane and the outer end of the arm 7, of the aft auxiliary plane are cables 19, which ass around other pulleys C, and connect with the opposite end of the sprocket chain of the steering box b. By this arrangement, it will be readily apparent from Fig. 2, that the operator from one steering wheel can tilt the pair of aux iliary planes upon the right-hand side of the apparatus in unison so as to incline in the same general directionin contra-distinction from the tilting of the main or central planes, which are tilted in unison in opposite directions. The auxiliary planes upon the lefthand side of the apparatus are connected in the same manner as above with the stee box c which is identical in structure with 'the foregoin steerin boxes. It may be here remarked tat the sliafts 5,

are rovided at their ends with loose collars 40, a arms 41. Connecting the arms 41, and t e opposite sides of the central planes areca es 42. This. construction serves to support the shaft ends.

VIn opera-tion the auxiliary planes render the apparatus ca able of being easily balanced, thereby e iminating to a great deg gree the possibility of over-turning of the same. In this connection, it ma be remarked for instance, that the aux11iary or balanc' planes on one side of the machine, uilich are entirely inde ndent of the auxiliary planesupon the ot er side of the machine and also independent of the central planes may be operated simultaneously to bear upon the air while the auxiliary planes on --the other side of the press down upon the air, which obviousl is advantageous. By having all of t e auxiliary planes in the same position, the apparatus may be caused to glide readily.

side

What I claim is:

1. In apparatus of the class recited a main frame, standards surmounting the frame, a pair of -fore and aft compound central planes, tiltably mounted on said standards, single auxiliary planes tiltably mounted andconnected in pairs upon each side of the central planes, a separate steering Wheel for each pair of planes, cables connecting each steering Wheel, with each pair of planes, whereby the main planes may be simultaneously tilted at opposite angles and the respective pairs of fore and aft auxiliary planes may be simultaneously tilted at the same angle upon one or both sides of the apparatus.

2. In apparatus of the -class recited, a

main frame, standards arranged fore and aft of and surmounting the said frame bearings for said standards, shafts j ournale in said bearings, a pair of compound central planes tiltably mounted on said shafts, auxiliary single planes arranged in pairs tiltably mounted on said shafts upon each side of the central planes and means for simultaneously operating each pair of planes independently olf each of the other pairs of t planes. p

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name.

JOSEPH J. V. KAULYNSKAS. Witnesses: y

WILLIAM J JAoKsoN,' AGNES E. CASKEY. 

